Ethnic and sex differences in selection for admission to Nottingham University Medical School.

association between being a bully or being bullied , depression, and severe suicidal ideation highlights the importance of further investigations into the social, psychological, and environmental factors associated with bullying. Conclusion Teachers and clinicians should recognise that being bullied or being a bully are signs of an increased risk of depression and suicidal behaviour among adolescents. Adolescents should be asked if they are involved in bullying either as a victim or as a bully. Whether an intervention is needed to treat depression should be assessed among both bullies and those who are being bullied. A cross disciplinary approach is needed to identify effective interventions to prevent bullying and depression and to reduce the risk of suicide while keeping in mind the close association between these phenomena. Contributors: RK-H developed and coordinated the formulation of the primary study hypothesis, discussed the core ideas, and participated in planning the collection of data, analysing the data, and writing the paper. MR initiated the school health promotion study and the inclusion of mental health questions in the survey, he discussed the core ideas, and participated in analysing the data and writing the paper. MM brought to the discussion about the core ideas of the study his expertise as a researcher on adolescent suicide and depression, and participated in designing the study, analysing the data, and writing the paper. AR discussed the core ideas of the school health promotion study as well as of this present report, and brought to the process her expertise as an epidemiologist; she also helped analyse the data and write the paper. PR discussed the core ideas of the study and supported the formulation of the hypothesis from the point of view of a clinical adolescent psychiatrist, and participated in writing the paper. MR will act as guarantor for the paper. A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools. 4 Rigby K, Slee PT. Dimensions of interpersonal relations among Australian children and implications for psychological well-being. S-L, et al. Bullying and psychiatric symptoms among elementary school-age children. Child Abuse Negl (in press). 9 Boulton MJ, Smith PK. Bully/victim problems in middle-school children: stability, self-perceived competence, peer perceptions and peer acceptance.tion of the 13-item Beck depression inventory (R-BDI) in screening an adolescent population for depressiveness and positive mood. Nord J Psychiatry (in press). 18 Charman T. The stability of depressed mood in young adolescents: a …